Device Driver 101

• Understanding How Drivers Work

Introduction to Windows Device Drivers

• Updating Device Drivers on Windows
• Finding and Installing Device Drivers for Windows Vista
• Backing up Device Drivers on Windows XP
• Installing AMD Drivers on Windows Vista

Installing Supplemental Device Drivers

• Common Hardware Devices and Computer Peripherals
• Updating Video Card Device Drivers and Installing a New Video Card
• Understanding How to Install CD/DVD Drivers
• Introduction to Ethernet and Ethernet Device Drivers
• Installing Device Drivers for Keywords, Monitors and Pointing Devices
• Installing Modems and Modem Device Drivers

Installing Device Drivers from Hardware Manufacturers

• Installing HP Device Drivers
• Troubleshooting a HP Printer
• Installing Dell Device Drivers
• Restoring Dell Drivers
• Introduction to ATI Drivers
• Installing Device Drivers for Bluetooth Devices
• Updating Linux Device Drivers

Restoring Your Computer’s Performance
• Speeding up Your Computer’s Performance
• Cleaning up the Performance of Your Computer’s Hard Drive
• Preventing Your Computer from Crashing

Device Driver 101

Every computer has a number of peripherals and hardware components that give it the natural functionality we have come to expect. This includes a mouse, keyboard, modem, printer and motherboard, among other components.

If these devices are not able to communicate with the underlying operating system, they will not function properly. Thankfully, device drivers are what enable this clear communication. For example, if you purchase a new piece of hardware, it comes included with an installation CD which contains a device driver that allows the hardware to “talk” with your computer.

Why Device Drivers are Important

Device drivers are small codes and files that form a bridge of communication between the hardware and operating system installed on a computer. For the most part, every piece of hardware you install requires a device driver so the system can see it and handle it accordingly. Windows operating systems usually come integrated with numerous device drivers that instantly recognize common desktop hardware components and provide immediate functionality for the end-user.

The Types of Device Drivers

There are many types of device drivers, some of which are specific to certain machines. For example, device drivers for laptop computers are proprietary and installed by the manufacturer upon being designed. A desktop is typically the exact opposite. If the hard drive on a laptop is reformatted or deleted for any reason, all the original drivers will remain intact. With a desktop computer, you are generally required to visit the websites of each individual manufacturer, download and reinstall the drivers along with another operating system.

When Good Drivers Go Bad

There may be instances when device drivers do not function as intended or have conflicts with other computers. You will find that manufacturers make improvements to device drivers similar to how software developers upgrade programs. In some cases, such upgrades can make older drivers obsolete. Likewise, an updated driver can heal a wide range of bugs and behavior problems endured by a particular device. For example, if your printer isn’t functioning properly, fixing the issue is often as simple as checking the manufacturer’s website and downloading the corresponding driver.

How Device Driver Updates Work

Device drivers download like any other program and typically act as self-installing files. Most of them download as exe. or executable files. In most cases, you simply need to click on the file and the installation program is launched. The program will usually scan the system first to ensure that the driver corresponds to the installed hardware component. A device driver can often be installed in a matter of seconds, but normally requires a system reboot in order to function properly with the corresponding hardware.

The easiest way to check the status of device drivers on a Windows operating system is to access the Device Manager utility. Simply right-click the “My Computer” icon, select “Properties,” click on the “Hardware” tab, and then choose “Device Manager.” Once you are in the Device Manager window, highlight the hardware device you want to investigate and right-click it. In the new window, select “Properties” and click on the “Driver” tab. From here, you can view the name of the driver, the version number, as well as perform the necessary updates.

Introduction to Windows Device Drivers

Device drivers are small files an operating system uses to communicate with various hardware devices connected to a computer. Rather than communicating directly with the hardware, the system sends messages through a driver, which calls out the functions for each device as it is needed. A device driver serves its purpose with little to no input from the end user. For example, once a driver is installed, it is likely that you will never have to interact with it. It simply works in the background until called upon by the operating system.

How Windows Device Drivers Work

The Windows operating system allocates memory for its default drivers. The drivers fill entries into what is called a Function Dispatch Table. Whenever functions of a particular device are required, Windows refers to the Function Dispatch Table and selects the accurate functions as needed.

For example, you want to use your Canon scanner to scan an image. Windows references the Function Dispatch Table for the code needed to carry out that function. The system then sends a request to the scanner. When a driver receives a request, it performs in one of three ways:

• It responds accordingly by carrying out the function and sends confirmation that the task is complete.

• If the device is busy with another task, it accepts the request and puts the job in a queue.

• It notifies the operating system that a problem exists and the job cannot be performed.

Most drivers operate in what is known as the kernel mode. The Windows system handles program codes in kernel or user mode. Processes running in kernel mode have the ability to interact directly with hardware and system memory. In contrast, user mode is often designated for software applications. This mode allows programs to call upon and use services delivered by the operating system, but they cannot directly access the hardware.

The Problems that Exist with Device Drivers

Similar to computer programs, device drivers and hardware have the ability to create numerous problems. Some of the most common issues include instability with particular programs, as well as the crashing of programs or the computer itself. In many cases, updating or completely replacing a device driver can solve hardware and software problems.

How to Update Windows Drivers

Microsoft’s Windows Hardware Quality Lab tests a variety of device drivers. When a driver passes a certain number of tests, it is then digitally signed and recognized by the Windows system. Users can also install unsigned drivers, depending on the setting of their computer’s Signature Checking Level. Signature checking can be disabled with Level 0, while Level 1 allows you to check for digital signatures and gives confirmation if none are found. You can, however, proceed with the installation even if no signatures are found for your drivers. Level 2 is a setting that blocks the installation of all devices that have not been signed by Microsoft.

To check the signatures of certain device drivers, access the “Start” menu, click “Run” and type “sigverif” in the command field. This command runs a scan of all the device drivers on your computer and searches for those that are unsigned.

Updating Device Drivers on Windows

Occasionally, hardware devices require updates in order to function properly. While the reasons are various, it typically relates to updates by the manufacturer that result in compatibility issues. In addition, if you install a new piece of hardware, the installation could overwrite an existing driver and create conflict with another device. In this scenario, the existing device driver may require an upgrade. When a hardware device starts to act awry, updating the corresponding driver often solves all the problems.

Updating 101

The easiest way to update a device driver on a Windows operating system is via the Device Manager utility. There are numerous ways to open this utility, including accessing the “Start” menu, clicking on “Control Panel” and selecting “Device Manager” from the list of items. Regardless of how it is accessed, the purpose of the Device Manager is to list all the hardware devices present on your computer. If you notice that a device is listed with a yellow question mark, this usually indicates that the device isn’t functioning properly.

You can choose the device you want to update by right-clicking it and selecting Update Driver Software from the sub-menu. From here, you have two choices: you can select the option that automatically scans the internet for updated drivers, or choose the option that allows you to use an updated driver stored or a disk or folder. Simply make a selection and follow the proceeding instructions.

Automatically vs. Manually Updating

If you want to view details about a particular driver before making updates, right-click the device and then hit “Properties.” Next, click the “Driver” tab. You should see information pertaining to the driver, as well as options for making updates, disabling and enabling the driver, uninstalling the driver, and utilizing a roll back feature. Rolling back the driver allows you to revert back to the previous status if an update doesn’t function properly.

If you prefer to manually update a device driver, you will need to find a new driver and also save a backup copy of the old one just in case. There are many software applications available that will scan your system, automatically download, install and backup new drivers. These programs work quickly and tend to be very easy to use.

Tips and Factors to Keep in Mind

There are some drivers that may cause your system to become unstable if not they are not installed properly or installed for the wrong device. You can launch the Device Manager to find out if a particular device is working properly. If not, an error code will be displayed. If you notice that a device isn’t working properly, click on the “troubleshoot” button in the Device Manager to initiate the troubleshooting process.

Another option you have is writing down the given error codes and trying to get technical support from the company who manufactured the device. If you update a driver and it doesn’t work, uninstall any software applications you recently installed. Because it could be the software that is creating the conflict, check with the vendor to see if an update or patch is available to fix the issue.

Finding and Installing Device Drivers for Windows Vista

As a relatively new operating system, Windows Vista offers functionality that towers over its predecessors. Unfortunately, it can also present problems when you are attempting to integrate your old hardware devices. It is common to encounter a situation where a printer that performed seamlessly on XP doesn’t work at all on Vista. This could be for a number of reasons, but more than likely, it is something simple. Before cashing out on new hardware, you should first look for an updated driver to see if that solves the problem.

Start with Microsoft’s Website

The first place you want to search for updated printer drivers compatible with Vista is the Microsoft website. Microsoft tends to keep its website updated with the latest patches and drivers for the most commonly used applications and drivers. If you don’t have any luck here, head over to the site of the company who manufactured your printer. This could be either the Epson or HP website. Even if there isn’t a device driver update section, you should be able to find the same information in the support area of the website. After finding the appropriate driver, download it to your computer.

How to Install the Updated Device Driver

Close down any applications you have open and install the driver. There is typically a wizard that will guide you through each step that is required. In most cases, you will need to reboot the system before the changes go into effect.

After restarting your computer, fire up the printer and see if it is working properly. If there is a problem, open the Control Panel and click “Printers” to find out if Vista recognizes it as the default printer. This is important, as the printer will not function if it is not designated as the default device. If it isn’t, simply right-click the printer, select “Set as Default” and give the printer another try.

If the printer still isn’t working properly, you might have to make a few minor adjustments. This calls for you to go back to the Control Panel and select “Printers.” Right-click the printer, and this time, select “Properties.”

Next, choose the “Advanced” tab and go to the section that displays the driver. If you don’t see the driver you downloaded, use the drop-down menu and see if it is listed there. If it isn’t, click on “New Driver” and try to install the driver again. This should direct you to the “Add New Printer Driver Wizard.” Select your printer manufacturer from the provided list to see if the driver shows up in the subsequent pane. If it does, select the listed driver to see if solves your problems. If it doesn’t show up, choose the “Have Disk” option along with the location where you previously downloaded the updated driver. Follow the instructions and restart your computer before testing the printer again.

Tip: Although you may not be prompted to do so, always reboot your computer after installing updated drivers. By rebooting, you can assure that the needed changes have taken place.

Backing up Device Drivers on Windows XP

Device drivers play an integral role in the basic functioning of your operating system and hardware. However, when a good driver goes bad, it can stir up chaos in your operating system. An outdated driver may cause your hardware to stop working, crash software applications and even the computer itself. The simple solution to this problem is keeping your drivers updated and backed up for easy restoration.

Where to Start: System Restore

System Restore is a utility built into the Windows XP operating system. Though primarily used to restore the system to an earlier point, it also provides a way to backup your device drivers. System Restore is very efficient and incredibly easy to use.

To launch System Restore, open the “Start” menu, select “Programs,” “Accessories,” “System Tools,” and finally “System Restore.” You may be presented with two different options depending on the version of Windows installed on your computer: “Create a Restore Point” or “Open System Protection/Create Restore Point.” Both will serve the purpose for what we are trying to accomplish. After making a selection, you can then enter a brief description regarding the restore point. For example, you may want to type in text that reminds you that the restore point was made before installing a particular device.

The Purpose of System Restore

System Restore allows you to creates a restore point that can be used at a later time should something go wrong with your system files or device drivers. For example, if after installing a new printer, you find that it interferes with another driver or software application, you can “roll back” your system settings to the point you specified in System Restore.

If you want to perform a restore, simply head back to System Restore and select the restoration point. While the utility recommends a restore point by date, you typically have the option to select one that best suits your needs.

Precautions to Take

To be extra cautious, you may want to backup your XP device drivers on a CD or other storage media. In order to do so, you must find out what files are specific to what drivers. Go to the “Control Panel,” click “Device Manager,” and find the appropriate device. Right-click the device and select “Properties.” From there, click on the “Driver” tab and select “Driver Details.” This will show you a list of all the files and paths associated with a particular driver. Write down these details and use Windows Explorer to locate the appropriate driver files. You can then use your preferred backup method to save them. Be sure to keep the path information along with the disc just in case they need to be restored on the hard drive. If you don’t know where to restore the driver files, they are essentially worthless.

The System Restore utility offers the easiest way to backup and restore system files, settings and drivers. Best of all, this process has absolutely no bearing on your applications. It simply restores your system to a previous state while leaving everything else intact.

Installing AMD Drivers on Windows Vista

Vista is far more advanced than the Windows systems that came before it. It offers more power, enhanced stability, and ease of use once you grow familiar with the environment. Just like XP, adding hardware devices to Vista is as simple as a plug-and-play procedure. After you connect devices to a computer, the operating system detects the new hardware and installs the appropriate device drivers.

However, there may come a time when you need to manually install device drivers because they are not already installed on the operating system. For example, you may want to install an AMD motherboard on your computer. In order for it to function, you would also need to install the appropriate AMD drivers.

How to Start Installation

As with any hardware, you should follow the provided instructions when installing an AMD device. After making sure all the connections are properly seated, turn on your PC and let the operating system boot up. If the device isn’t recognized, it might not be a certified Windows Vista component. In this case, you should be presented with a display prompt asking that you manually select the type of software you want to install. This calls for you to insert the installation drive that accompanied the AMD hardware into your CD/DVD drive.

From here, simply follow the instructions on the screen, as each step will walk you through the installation process. Keep in mind that some AMD devices require multiple drivers. If this is the case, you will be instructed to install each one. However, if the AMD device is recognized, the new hardware should be automatically detected and take you through the setup process.

Performing a Manual Installation of AMD Device Drivers

There are times when Vista will not offer to automatically install the AMD device drivers, meaning you will have to install them manually. On such an occasion, head to the Control Panel and select the “Device Manager.” Locate the appropriate AMD device and right-click it. Next, select “Update Driver Software.” Assuming that you have the installation disk that came with the hardware, choose the option that browses your computer for the driver and select the appropriate location.

Once the AMD drivers are installed, you may want to check to see if there is an updated version. This can also be done from the Device Manager utility. Right-click on the AMD device and choose “Properties.” Next, click “Update Driver” and select the option that allows you to automatically search the internet for updated device drivers. If a driver is found, you will be prompted to perform the installation. If not, a message will be displayed stating that you currently have the most recent driver available for the device.

Whether you are installing new drivers for AMD hardware or any other device, it is important to make sure you choose a version that is compatible with your operating system. Although some drivers are universal and compatible with all systems, others are specific to certain platforms. Choosing the correct drivers is essential, as installing the wrong one could stir up major problems.

Installing Supplemental Device Drivers

The Windows operating system comes with a number of device drivers installed by default. However, as you customize your computer to your needs, other device drivers have to be installed. For instance, in order to get your printer to function, you would have to install the device drivers from the installation disc that accompanied the hardware. However, there may also be times when you need to install additional drivers from the manufacturer’s website.

Devices that commonly require additional drivers include the following:

• Plug-and-Play devices
• Non-plug and play devices
• Third-party HALs (Hardware Abstraction Layers)

Most plug-and-play devices allow you to do just that: plug in the hardware and enjoy instant functionality. Others are not automatically recognized by the operating system and therefore require additional driver installations. For example, if you want to install a new soundcard or graphics card, there is a great chance that your operating system will not have a driver for that device. Fortunately, acquiring the appropriate device drivers is easy as finding them on the manufacturer’s website, downloading them to your computer, and performing the installation.

How to Find the Appropriate and “Safest” Drivers

When dealing with third-party devices, it is always best to install drivers that are digitally signed by Microsoft. A digital signature shows that the driver has been tested and proven to function efficiently on the Windows operating system. It also ensures that device drivers can’t be modified or overwritten when installing new hardware or software.

To find out if a particular driver has a digital signature, open the “Start” menu and click “Run.” In the command field, enter “sigverif.” When the new window opens, click “Start” to initiate the process that scans your system for unsigned device drivers. You can create a log of the results by clicking the “Advanced” tab.

Another option you have is checking device driver signatures in the Device Manager utility. To access this utility, open the “Control Panel” and select “Device Manager.” Select the device from the list, right-click it, select “Properties,” click the “Driver” tab, and choose “Driver Details.” Among other details, you should see information stating that the hardware is Microsoft compatible device.

Modifying and Updating New Drivers

The additional drivers you install can also be updated or modified in the Device Manager. Simply follow the instructions above to launch the utility and select your device from the list. Right-click the device and select “Properties.” This window allows you to view details, update the driver, enable or disable the driver and roll back the driver. Simply choose the option that best suits your needs and follow the prompts.

Tips: Keep in mind that there may be a few peripherals that cannot be found in the Device Manager utility. Some of the most common hardware devices include printers, scanners, modems and digital cameras. To update and modify these device drivers, open the “Control Panel” and click “Printers” or “Printers and Other Hardware.” Choose the device in question, right-click it, select “Properties,” click the “Advanced” tab and choose “New Driver.” From there, you will be presented with prompts that will help you search for and install the updated device drivers.

Common Hardware Devices and Computer Peripherals

The average computer user has a wide range of hardware devices and components installed on his or her system. Each has a corresponding device driver. Some of the most common include:

BIOS - Short for Basic Input Output System, BIOS is a type of software that resides on a motherboard chip. It contains codes that control devices such as the mouse, keyboard and various functions.

CD/DVD - Most newer computers come included with CD/DVD drives. These drives allow you to install software applications, play video games, and listen to music on Compact Discs among other functions.

Displays - Displays simply refer to computer monitors, such as flat panel screens and touch screens.

Game Controller - A game controller is a device that connects to a computer or game console and allows you to play video games. The most common example is a USB joystick.

Graphics/Video Adapter - Graphics video adapter cards handle the appearance and performance of your display. They are responsible for processing information, making calculations about the pixels of each color, and outputting data to the computer screen.

Hard Disk Controller - A hard disk controller is an interface or circuit that enables the operating system to control the hard disk on a computer. The most common examples are modems, which are integrated with hark disk controllers.

Input Devices - Input devices are used to enter data into a computer. Common examples include a keyboard, mouse or touchpad.

ISDN - An ISDN refers to a certain digital phone data network service. It requires the use of a modem that corresponds with the type of network connection that is being used.

Modem - A modem allows a computer to be connected with computers via phone line, cable connection or wireless connection. The most common use for a modem is to establish an internet connection.

Network Adapter - A network adapter is a device that allows you to interconnect computers and networks. Some of the most common include PCI Ethernet cards and wireless network adapters.

Printer - A printer is a device that connects to a computer and allows you to print documents and graphics. Many printers today also function as copiers, scanners and fax machines.

Removable Drive - Removable drives refer to storage devices that are primarily used to backup and restore data onto a computer. Common examples including USB flash drives and portable hard drives.

Scanner - A scanner is a device that connects to a computer and allows you to scan documents and images. It typically requires a special type of software in order to function properly.

Soundcard - A soundcard is a built-in component that enables computer speakers to produce sounds. Soundcards also come in external variations and require that a microphone be connected.

Tape Backup Drive - Tape backup drives are used to store data on magnetic tapes, usually for backup purposes. They generally come with backup software that allows you to schedule automatic backups.

USB - Short for Universal Serial Bus, a USB is a standard used to interconnect computers with various devices. This process is done with USB ports and cables.

Updating Video Card Device Drivers and Installing a New Video Card

There may come a time when you need to update the driver for your video card or install a new one altogether. Reasons to perform an update could include changes made to your operating system or the installing of new software that creates conflicts with the video card. If the video card manufacturer has released new drivers, installing them will more than likely solve the issues you are experiencing.

Installing a new video card mainly boils down to personal performance. Perhaps you are not satisfied with the one built into your computer. By installing a new video card, you can enjoy enhanced performance to compensate your graphic-heavy applications. Another instance where a video card needs replacing is if it becomes unstable, damaged, or the installation of a new driver will not resolve the issues. Whether you want to update the driver for your video card or install a new one, neither task is too difficult to accomplish. It’s all about knowing what to do.

Updating the Drivers

Integrated into the Windows operating system, the Device Manager is a utility that allows you to manually update your device drivers. To access this utility, open the “Control Panel” and select “Device Manager.” The Device Manager lists all the hardware devices installed on your computer. Since we are working with the video card, you want to locate “Display Adapters.” By clicking on the (+) sign beside it, the list will expand and you should see your video card. Right-click the device and then click the “Update Driver” button. When given the opportunity, click the option that will automatically search the internet and check for available driver updates. If new drivers are found, you should be able to install them with ease. If the driver doesn’t function properly, the Roll Back Driver option will allow you to revert back to the previous status.

Another option you have is visiting the video card manufacturer’s website to check if the driver you need is available. If it is, all you have to do is find the appropriate video card and download it on your system. After the driver is downloaded, you should be able to click the driver icon on your desktop screen and automatically install it. You could also go back to the Device Manger, locate your video card, and click “Update Driver.” This time, however, select the option that browses your hard disk for the driver. Once the driver is found, simply follow the prompts for installation.

Installing the Video Card

Installing a new video card requires you to physically open the computer. It is recommended to perform the installation in an uncarpeted room and remove any jewelry to avoid shock. Making sure the power is off, unplug the computer from the power source and take off the cover. You may be required to disconnect a few peripherals and remove a couple of screws.

Once you have a clear path to the video card, simply slide it out and replace it with the new one in a firm but gentle motion. Reattach everything that was disconnected, plug the computer in, and turn it on. Follow the prompts on the screen for installing the video card driver and associated software. If you are not greeted by a Windows prompt, you will have to launch the New Hardware Wizard through the Control Panel and manually complete the installation.

Understanding How to Install CD/DVD Drivers

Most new computers come built-in with a CD drive, DVD drive, or both. The average CD/DVD drive only has the ability to read data, while others can read and write (record) data. While a CD drive can only read Compact Discs, a DVD drive is able to accommodate data on a DVD and CD as well.

These drives typically require a special type of software to enjoy basic functionality. For example, if you want to listen to music or watch a movie, you will need a program like Windows Media Player. If you want to record a CD or DVD, you would need a disc burning application. Regardless of which of these drives you have installed your computer, both require device drivers in order to function properly.

Why Device Drivers for Your CD/DVD Drive Fail

A device driver is what will enable the operating system to recognize and control the drive. If you find that your CD or DVD drive suddenly stops working, solving the problem could be as simple as updating or installing a new device driver.

A drive could fail for a number of reasons. For example, sometimes just installing a software application or hardware device could replace your driver files with new own versions. When this occurs, the device or application that depended on the overwritten driver may not function correctly. Another situation that could result in a failed driver is the un-installation of software and shared DLL files. Even though the uninstall wizard assumes these files are no longer required, other devices and applications may still need them.

Know Exactly What Device is Installed

Before replacing the device drivers for your CD or DVD drive, it is vital to learn exactly what type of device is installed on the system. On Windows XP, open the “Start” menu, click “Programs,” “Accessories,” and “System Information.” On Windows Vista, all you have to do is type “System Information” in the Start menu’s search field and double-click the utility when it displays.

Inside of System Information, click the “Components” tab and then select “CD-ROM.” In the pane to the right, you should see detailed information that includes the name of the hardware, the manufacturer and device driver. After discovering who the manufacturer of the drive is, you can then visit the company’s website and download the appropriate device drivers.

Troubleshooting Updated CD and DVD Drivers

The CD or DVD drivers you download from the manufacturer may or may not come as executable files. With executable files, all you have to do is double click the icon and follow the instructions. If they are not executable, you must install them through the Device Manager utility.

To launch the Device Manager, open the “Control Panel,” click “System” and select “Device Manager.” Find the text that reads “DVD/CD Drives” and click the (+) sign beside it. This will display a list of all the CD and DVD drives installed on your computer. Double-click the device in question and click the “Driver” tab.

Next, select “Update Driver.” From here, choose the option that automatically browses your computer and choose the location where you stored the device drivers. After the drivers have been completely installed, simply reboot your computer and allow the changes to take effect.

Introduction to Ethernet and Ethernet Device Drivers

Perhaps you have heard of the term “Ethernet,” but don’t know exactly what it is. To put it simply, Ethernet is a networking technology primarily used to connect computers to cabled networks. An example would be the average network that consists of two or more computers. In this scenario, each machine uses a CAT5 cable to connect to an NIC (Network Interface Card) and uses Ethernet to interact with each other. Aside from computers, Ethernet technology can be used to connect devices, such as a printer or cable modem to a network.

Understanding Your Ethernet Device

Most new computers come integrated with either an Ethernet or NIC card. You have probably observed one on your machine, as it looks quite similar to telephone jack, only larger. These network adapters are widely used among personal users due to the popularity of broadband internet access and home-based networking. Even if there is no Ethernet port on your computer, installing a network card is a relatively easy process. However, it does call for you to physically open your computer and install the card. If this is something you don’t feel comfortable performing, a local computer technician should be able to handle the job for a reasonable price.

Helping Windows Communicate with Your Network Card

Regardless of who installs the network card, it is important to know that the device might need a little help before it can be networked with other computers and devices. In most cases, you will need to install a device driver so the operating system can recognize the card and understand how to use it. Although the Windows operating system will automatically detect some installations, others require that you manually install the appropriate device drivers. These drivers should be included on the disc that came with your Ethernet device. Simply insert the disc into your CD drive and follow the prompts on the display to install the drivers.

What if Your Ethernet Card Stops Working?

Just like other components, Ethernet cards occasionally stop working properly. You can generally tell there is a problem if you can’t make a connection to the internet or your local area network. If other computers in the network can make a connection, but you cannot, it normally means that your Ethernet card is experiencing problems.

Before rushing to buy a new card, make sure the cable is firmly plugged into the jack. If so, the problem can often be solved by simply updating the Ethernet device driver. A device driver can stop working for a number of reasons, including corrupt files or the installation of new software or hardware devices. Fortunately, updating a driver is very easy.

How to Update a New Ethernet Driver

To install new drivers for your Ethernet card, open the “Control Panel” and click on “Device Manager.” In this window, locate “Network Adapters” and click it to expand the category. If there is truly a problem with your network card, there will be a yellow marking beside it. Double-click the device in question, click the “Driver” tab and choose “Update Driver.” Next, click on the option that allows you to automatically search the internet for updated drivers. If device drivers are found online, follow the given prompts and install them on your system.

Installing Device Drivers for Keywords, Monitors and Pointing Devices

A computer operating system interacts with a wide range of software applications and hardware devices. In order for the system to understand how the hardware works, it must have information on each device connected to the computer. This information is provided by files known as device drivers. Each piece of hardware needs a device driver to function accordingly on a computer.

Input and Output Devices

Keyboards, mice and touchpads are known as input devices. Hence the name, these devices are used to input information into a computer. Display devices such as monitors are known as output devices, which mean they output or display information.

For the most part, all you have to do is plug in a mouse, keyboard and monitor, as these devices generally fall into the category of plug-and-play hardware. With these types of devices, you typically will not have to manually install device drivers because the operating system recognizes and installs them automatically. In the event that these devices are not recognized, installing the appropriate drivers to your computer is no difficult task.

Manually Installing External Devices

If you want to install an external device, such as a USB mouse, simply plug it into a free USB port on your computer. If it is not a plug-and-play device, it will not be recognized by the operating system. This calls for you to insert the installation disc and follow the prompts for the setup process. After installation and setup is complete, you will be prompted to reboot your computer. Even if no prompt is displayed, it is always recommended to restart the system so the changes can take effect.

Regularly Updating Your Devices

While installing a mouse or keyword is relatively easy, sometimes their device drivers need to be updated to enjoy optimal performance. For example, installing a new piece of hardware could overwrite the device drivers for your mouse. In addition, some drivers simply become outdated because of upgrades performed by the manufacturer. Many times, manufacturers update device drivers to give their hardware added functionality or address known problems. Installing the updated drivers is typically enough to fix all the issues you are experiencing.

How to Install Device Drivers

Updating the device drivers for your keyboard, mouse or monitor is as simple as taking a trip to the Device Manager. To access this utility, open the “Control Panel” and click on “Device Manager.” In this window, you will see a list of all the devices installed on your computer. You can find keyboard devices under “Keyboards,” mouse devices under “Mice and Pointing Devices” and monitors under “Monitors.” Other than the different categories, the steps for installing their device drivers are exactly the same.

After locating the device you want to update, double-click it and then click the “Drivers” tab. From here, select “Update Driver” and choose the option that automatically searches the internet for updated drivers. If drivers are found, they will be automatically updated. Should the updated versions not work for any reason, navigate back to the Device Manager, double-click the device in question, click on the “Driver” tab and choose the “Roll Back” option. This will allow you to return the updated driver back to the original status.

Installing Modems and Modem Device Drivers

In order to enjoy internet access, a device known as a modem must be connected to your computer. These devices come in various forms, but the most common types are cable, dial-up and DSL modems. The type of modem you will require all depends on your internet connection.

The key to finding out what type of modem you need is learning about the internet services offered in your area. The easiest type of service to obtain is dial-up access over traditional phone lines. Unfortunately, dial-up just happens to be the slowest internet connection available. Cable and DSL are considered as broadband services and tend to be much faster. Short for Digital Subscriber Line, DSL is a type of service that you may or may not be able to obtain from your local phone company. Although DSL is fast, cable connections offer more speed. This type of connection can be obtained from a cable company that provides internet access. Because these connections use a different means for connecting to the internet, each requires a compatible modem.

Dial-up Modems

Dial-up modems are typically pre-installed into a computer, while cable and DSL modems come in external variations. If there is no modem in your computer, you will need to physically install one. To begin, shut down the machine, unplug it from the power source, and disconnect all peripherals. After removing the case and metal plate for the expansion slot, insert the modem into vacant slot in a gentle, but firm motion. Put the machine back together and connect an available phone cord into the line jack for the modem.

Whether you install an internal or external dial-up modem, device drivers will need to be installed as well. Drivers will enable your modem and operating system to communicate with each other. To install the device drivers, enter the installation disc that came with your hardware and follow the prompts for adding new hardware. After the installation, you should reboot your computer and have no problems making a dial-up connection.

Cable and DSL Modems

If you want to install a cable or DSL modem, it is important to know that an NIC (Network Interface Card) is required. Most new computers today come with these devices pre-installed. Both a cable and DSL modem will also come included with a CAT5 cable that allows you to connect the hardware to your computer. Aside from being connected to the computer, your modem will need a direct connection to the internet. To achieve this, you will need your phone company or cable provider to install a special jack in your home. Simply use the provided cable to connect the modem to the jack.

Just as with dial-up modems, cable and DSL modems require device drivers in order to function properly. The hardware should come included with an installation disc that allows you to install the appropriate drivers. Keep in mind that you may be required to follow additional tasks after the installation as specified by your service provider.

Installing Device Drivers from Hardware Manufacturers

Although we often install additional external devices, such as printers and scanners, a computer comes with a variety of built-in hardware components. This ranges from system BIOS and motherboards to network cards and pointing devices. Whether it is built-in hardware or something you install, each device requires a driver in order to function as intended.

There are many types of drivers, but not all are created equal. For example, there are universal drivers that work with any operating system, as well as generic device drivers created by third-party developers. While both will do, neither is recommended. The best way to get the most reliability is to retrieve the drivers directly from their manufacturer. This way, you get the exact driver specifically designed for the device you have. If your hardware is acting up, retrieving the appropriate updates from manufacturer can usually solve the problem.

Below we have provided details on the some of the most common manufacturers and their device drivers.

Logitech Drivers - Logitech manufactures various types of hardware, including keyboards, mice and pointing devices, soundcards, USB microphones, and webcams. On the website, you can get all the device driver and software updates for your Logitech hardware. Finding the updates are as simple as entering the product type and model and performing the search. Before the download, you will be prompted to enter your operating system. Unless it is a universal variation, installing a device driver for the wrong system will not work, and therefore, you definitely want to be precise.

Toshiba Drivers - Many Toshiba computers offer built-in tools that allow you to update the necessary device drivers. If yours doesn’t, visit the Toshiba support site to download the drivers you need. You will be prompted to select from a category, such as “Desktops or PDAs,” choose the product family, and then enter the model number. Next, click “Show Results” and you will see a list of device drivers available for download in a new window.

Intel Drivers - If you need device drivers for your Intel products, the updates can be obtained from the Intel Download Center. Simply enter the product name, filename or keywords into the search engine and wait for the results.

Samsung Drivers - From the Samsung Download Center, you can search for Samsung device drivers by entering the model number or product type. Here you will find updates on everything from monitors and hard disk drives to mobile phones and MP3 players.

Realtek Drivers - If you have computer peripherals or networking hardware manufactured by Realtek, head to the Realtek Download Center and perform a search for the product updates you need.

After finding and downloading the device drivers from these manufacturers, you will need to install them onto your computer. If the drivers download as .exe files, you should be able to click the icon and initiate an automatic launch and setup. If not, you will need to manually install them. From the “Start” menu, select the “Control Panel” and then click “Device Manager.” Double-click the device in question and choose the “Driver” tab. Select “Update Driver” and the option that automatically browses your computer for device drivers. Simply follow the instructions and install the appropriate drivers, remembering to reboot your computer once the installation is complete.

Installing HP Device Drivers

Although Windows Vista offers numerous advantages over XP, it can also present a few road blocks. One of the biggest issues is trying to get the system to work in harmony with your existing hardware devices. For instance, if your HP printer functioned without flaw on XP, you may find that it doesn’t work at all on Vista. This could be a very frustrating situation, but there are ways to troubleshoot the problem.

Troubleshooting Your HP Printer

The first thing you want to do is unplug your printer. From there, insert the printer’s installation disc into your CD drive. Keep in mind that the disc should state whether or not the hardware is a certified-Vista device. If so, follow the installation prompts that appear on the display.

After progressing through the setup wizard, turn on your printer and use the USB cable to connect it to the computer when instructed. If all goes well, there will be a successful installation and your printer should work fine. If you do not have a certified-Vista printer or issues of compatibility exist, there will probably be a failed installation.

Using Device Drivers to Create Compatibility

When your hardware and Vista aren’t naturally compatible, fixing the problem could be as simple as installing new device drivers. You can find the appropriate drivers by going online and visiting the Hewlett Packard website. When searching for device drivers, make sure they are specific to your operating system and HP printer. If not, the installation will fail and possibly make your system unstable. After locating the drivers you need, download them to your computer, click the file and follow the instructions for installation.

Performing a Manual Installation

If the device drivers do not download as .exe (executable) files, you must perform the installation manually. This can be done by launching the “Control Panel” and clicking the “Printer” icon. Select your HP printer from the list and right-click it. Choose “Properties” from the sub-menu and click the “Advanced” tab. In this window, you should notice an area that displays device drivers that may work with the printer. You have option of using the drop-down box to choose from a selection of device drivers, or you can click “New Driver.” When you click this button, the “Add New Printer Driver” wizard will launch. Under the “Manufacturer” pane, click “HP.” Scroll through the list of available HP printers and select the model you have. From there, simply follow the instructions to allow the system to locate the device drivers you downloaded and install them on your computer.

After installing the device drivers, you will want to test the printer and make sure it works. From the Control Panel, click on “Printers,” right-click your HP printer, select “Properties,” and click “Print Test Page.” If the correct drivers are installed on your computer, the printer should respond accordingly and print out a test page.

Whether it is an HP printer or another device, compatibly issues with Vista usually boil down to the lack of device drivers. In most cases, you simply need to obtain the appropriate drivers from the HP website, install them and receive the same functionality you enjoyed on your XP system.

Installing Dell Device Drivers

Although Dell manufactures some of the best computer hardware in the industry, its products are still vulnerable to common issues. Just as with any device, there may come a time when your Dell hardware stops functioning and needs help getting back on track. Thankfully, when hardware begins to experience problems, solving them is often as easy as updating an outdated device driver. For example, if your keyboard starts acting up, it typically means there is problem with the corresponding device driver. After updating or replacing the driver, the keyboard will usually enjoy the normal functionality.

First Steps to Fixing the Dell Problems

If you want to fix your hardware issues, the first thing you should do is find the driver CD that came along with your Dell computer. This disc should be labeled like “Dell Drivers” or “Drivers and Utilities.” After inserting the disc into your CD drive, a wizard should appear and ask which drivers you want to install. If you know which drivers are causing the problem, you can choose them from the list of selections. If not, you will need to conduct an investigation.

Investigating Which Drivers are Awry

To find the device drivers stirring up all the chaos, open the “Control Panel” and click “Device Manager.” The Device Manager lists all the devices installed on your computer. If you notice yellow markings by any of your devices, this indicates a problem and that the device drivers need to be replaced. Now that you have pinpointed the issue, navigate back to the Dell Driver window, select the appropriate drivers and restore them. Depending on the device, you may have to install one or multiple drivers. For instance, if your motherboard drivers become corrupt, you will be required to install numerous components in order to completely restore the hardware.

Obtaining Drivers from Dell Directly

If you can’t find the driver installation CD, visit the Dell Support website. The company does a good job at making updated drivers and firmware available. In the device driver download area, enter the model number for the device and operating system on your computer. By doing so, you will better your chances of getting the exact drivers you need. After finding the appropriate drivers, download them to your computer. Most downloads from Dell are self-launching files, meaning all you have to do is click the icon and follow the installation prompts. If not, the device drivers will have to be manually installed from the Device Manager utility. From the Device Manager, locate the device in question and right-click on it. Choose the option that automatically browses your computer, select the downloaded device drivers, and follow the prompts for installing them.

If you take the route of downloading device drivers from Dell, be sure to remember where they are saved on the hard drive. By knowing where to look, you can save yourself tremendous if they ever need to be reinstalled again. An easier way to accomplish this would be saving the device drivers file in a special folder or on storage media.

Introduction to ATI Drivers

A part of the AMD family, ATI Technologies is a company that manufactures a wide range of computer hardware products, and GPUs (graphical processing units) are its specialty. One of the company’s most popular brands is ATI Radeon, a graphics card that has been on the market for nearly a decade.

Since its inception, a variety of products have been released for the ATI Raedon franchise. Like any hardware device, an ATI Radeon graphics card needs a device driver in order to function properly on the Windows operating system. As it relates to Windows, an ATI Radeon GPU requires an ATI Catalyst, a special driver package that exceeds the average device driver by far.

Understanding the ATI Catalyst

Whereas most drivers are made up of small files and codes, the ATI Catalyst is a complete program. It contains the drivers, along with an interface known as the ATI Catalyst Control Center that allows you to adjust graphics settings. Through this interface, you can make a number of adjustments that include tweaking 3D settings, monitor controls and video options.

Upon introducing ATI Catalyst, ATI made the commitment of delivering monthly updates to implement new features, enhance performance, and address known bugs. ATI Catalyst offers an entirely different level of functionality by allowing you to enjoy more control over your ATI Raedon hardware.

What You Can Control with ATI Catalyst

Aside from the settings mentioned above, the ATI Catalyst Control Center also allows you to control the following:

• Hardware acceleration
• DTV support
• Multiple monitors
• Power settings
• VPU recovery

If you don’t require each and every feature, you have the option of individually downloading the ATI Catalyst drivers that best suit your needs. Thus, if you don’t need support for HDTV, you can simply download the display driver instead of the Catalyst Control Center and its robust features.

ATI Catalyst drivers support a plethora of ATI products, ranging from desktop and mobile graphics cards to All-in-Wonder multimedia cards and TV Wonder tuner cards. ATI catered to Vista with the release of Catalyst 7.1, a certified driver specifically designed to support the new Microsoft operating system. The company also supports other operating systems with ATI Radeon drivers for Mac OS X platforms. The Linux operating system is supported with a special open-source series know as RadeonHD. AMD released documentation in 2007 for the development of more open-source drivers. While the specs are still in the experimental stage, these ATI Radeon drivers are aimed to support various chipsets, including the M56, M76 , RV630 and RS690 series.

The ATI Catalyst software offers numerous advantages over the standard device driver, mainly because it offers such a greater level of control. Be that is it may, ATI Radeon devices often need a little assistance to function at an optimal level. For example, if the files are corrupt, you may be required to reinstall the ATI Catalyst drivers or manually update them yourself. In this case, you would need to visit the ATI website. From there, you can choose your operating system and ATI Radeon graphics card, and then you can download the appropriate drivers.

Installing Device Drivers for Bluetooth Devices

We have all seen the futuristic and bulky earpieces sported by many cell phone users. Bluetooth is what enables these users to enjoy hands-free functionality, but how does it actually work? Bluetooth is a wirelessly technology that gives mobile devices the ability to interact over short distances via radio signals. The power of Bluetooth isn’t limited to cell phone usage. The technology also works with computers and a wide range of peripheral devices. Some of the most common types of Bluetooth-enabled hardware include PDAs, printers and GPS devices.

Integrating Bluetooth with Your Computing

The best thing about Bluetooth is that it allows you to integrate various devices implemented with the technology. However, if want to use a Bluetooth-enabled device, such as a PDA on your PC, your computer must be equipped to handle the Bluetooth signal. More of the newer computers offer built-in support for the technology with Bluetooth adapters. If the network adapter isn’t installed on your computer, you could integrate the Bluetooth devices with a dongle. A dongle is a small device that connects to the USB port and delivers the Bluetooth signal to your computer.

Installing the Appropriate Drivers

A special network adapter allows your computer to accept the Bluetooth reception. In order for your computer to recognize the hardware, you will need to install the appropriate device drivers. Whether you are using a network card or dongle, both devices should come included with an installation CD that contains the device drivers you need. Keep in mind that you will have to install the device drivers for each piece of Bluetooth hardware you want to use on your computer. Thus aside from the PDA, for example, you would also need the installation disc for your Bluetooth-enabled printer.

Troubleshooting Problematic Bluetooth Drivers

Just like all computer hardware, there may come a time when your Bluetooth devices endure problems or stop working entirely. This could happen for a number of reasons. Perhaps after installing a new Bluetooth device, the installation overwrites the drivers for an existing device.
Perhaps you uninstalled an application that removed critical files one of your other devices need. Other instances that could ruin your device drivers would be a system crash, an unexpected shutdown or failed hard drive. If you find that your Bluetooth devices are not working properly, the device drivers probably need to be updated.

While you can attempt to reinstall the device drivers from the installation CD, you may want to get the files directly from the manufacturer. This is especially true if the manufacturer has made improvements to enhance functionality.

There are two ways you can check for updates: visit the manufacturer’s website online or perform an automatic search through Windows. To search from the operating system, open the “Control Panel” and select “Device Manager.” Navigate the page, find your Bluetooth device, double-click it, and then lick the “Driver” tab. Next, click “Update Driver” and choose the option that performs an automatic search. If updates are found, simply follow the instructions and install the device drivers.

Tip: If you are using a Bluetooth printer, you must open the Control Panel and select “Printers.” From this window, right-click on your printer, select “Properties,” click the “Advanced” tab, select “New Driver” and follow the prompts for installing the appropriate driver.

Updating Linux Device Drivers

Almost everyone is familiar with Microsoft Windows, as it is installed on the computers of many home-based users. While it is certainly the most popular, Windows isn’t the only operating system available. There are several other choices, including Mac OS X, Solaris and Linux.

The Linux operating system comes in many different variations. Some of the most popular versionsinclude Debian, Fedora and Redhat among others. Just like any other operating system, Linux comes with a number of device drivers. This means that there may be a time when hardware devices on your computer stop working properly and require driver updates. Although a device could experience problems for various reasons, an outdated or dysfunctional driver is usually the culprit.

Where to Begin Updating Linux Device Drivers

In order to update the drivers for your Linux hardware, you must find out what type of device it is. Once you have these details, go online and head to the manufacturer’s website. Although mainly used in the network setting, Linux is becoming more popular as a desktop system, making it easier to find device drivers. Most hardware device manufacturers allow you to download device drivers from the support section of their websites. Regardless of the manufacturer, it is important to download drivers that are specific to the Linux operating system. If you download and install Windows drivers, your hardware will not work on your Linux system.

Because Linux is an open-source system, many of its device drivers are available in open-source variations. The open-source nature allows any developer to create device drivers and freely distribute them. These drivers can typically be downloaded from various open-source communities online. With proprietary software and hardware components, you are required to download the device drivers from the manufacturer.

How to Install Linux Device Drivers

Device drivers for the Linux operating system are usually distributed as source code in zip archives. This calls for you to unzip the compressed archive to access the appropriate files. In order to accomplish this, you must use a compatible unzip application and manually compile the source code. While Linux is generally more complex, this task can be easily completed by basic computer users.

Ensuring Compatibility Before a New Purchase

If you plan to add a new hardware device to your Linux computer, it is important to make sure it is compatible with the operating system before making a purchase. This can be done in two ways: you can either check with the manufacturer or visit the KeyLabs website. KeyLabs is an organization that tests numerous applications and devices to determine their compatibility with various systems, Linux included. This company has tested so many hardware devices that gathering information from KeyLabs is often easier than getting it from the manufacturer’s website.

Even though Linux is becoming more accepted as a desktop system, finding the right device drivers can still be a tedious undertaking. This is especially true if you are trying to integrate hardware devices that were previously used on an older Linux system. As you would expect, the process is much easier when dealing with new hardware devices, as they typically come included with installation discs that contain the appropriate drivers.

Restoring Your Computer’s Performance

After putting your computer together, the machine usually runs flawlessly for the first year. Unfortunately, the superb performance you enjoyed eventually disappears, and now the machine runs sluggishly. You may even find that the computer crashes before having a chance to boot up and run. The performance problems could stem from numerous reasons, including the installation of a new device or application that creates conflict. A computer can also fail during startup because other processes are stealing its resources. There are many factors that can provoke such behavior, and believe it or not, most of these issues can be easily resolved.

Are Device Drivers the Sluggish Culprit?

If you recently installed new hardware on your computer, it could be the device drivers that are causing the system to crash at startup. In this case, you could try reverting back to the “Last Known Good Configuration.” This can be done by restarting the computer and pressing the F8 key while it reboots. Once the Windows Advanced Options menu has been launched, use the arrow keys and select “Last Known Good Configuration.” After doing this, your system will be loaded to a configuration prior to the hardware installation. At this point, you can then uninstall the device and see if it solves your problem.

Could Applications Be Crashing Your Computer?

In the event that you haven’t made any changes and your computer is still crashing, these problems could be related to applications. Sometimes, your applications will compete with each other for resources, causing the computer to run slowly and often crash. When this is the case, it could be applications in your Startup folder or a sneaky spyware program that is running without your knowledge.

To check this problem, open the “Start” menu, click “Run” and type “msconfig” into the command field. By clicking the “Startup Items” tab, you can learn what applications are being loaded with the startup. It could be a situation where a variety of programs are loading up at all times. Scroll through the list of programs and uncheck those that don’t need to run at startup. However, one program that you would want to leave enabled is your anti-virus software. If the software is able to detect spyware, run the virus scanner and see if it detects any malicious items.

How Full is Your Computer’s Hard Disk?

If your hard disk is near its full capacity, your computer will endure various performance issues. These problems range from constant errors to system crashes. The same issues may occur if the disk is failing as well.

To troubleshoot this issue, launch “My Computer” and right-click your local hard drive. Select “Properties” and find out how much free space is left on the hard drive. If you have less than a 20% capacity remaining, the drive is most likely the culprit behind your crashing issues. Even if you have a decent capacity remaining, it is still a good idea to run the “Disk Cleanup” utility and try to free up some space. Click “Cleanup” and allow the utility to scan your computer so it can recommend files that warrant immediate removal. After the list is populated, check the files you are comfortable removing and click the “remove” option.

Tip – In order to prevent crashes, you should regularly check the applications running at startup, as well as employ utilities such as Disk Cleanup and Disk Defragmenter. You can also keep your computer running at peak performance by installing software that protects against viruses, spyware and other malicious software.